(2826) Proposal to conserve the name Bougainvillea spectabilis against B. brasiliensis ( Nyctaginaceae )

(2826) Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 348. Mar 1799 [Angiosp.: Nyctagin.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: [icon] “Buginvillaea” in Lamarck, Tab. Encycl. 1: t. 294 upper part. 30 Jul 1792. Epitypus (vide Lack Willdenowia 42: 124. 2012): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, “in circa Rio-Jan. vicinis nemoribus”, 1767, Commerson 192 (P barcode P00169376!; isoepitypi: G barcodes G00341746! & G00341747!, MPU MPU018937!, P P00307018!, P00499733!, P00672131! P01903639 [fragments at left side of sheet]!). (=) brasiliensis J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. 632. Sep (sero)–Nov 1791, rej. Neotypus (hic designatus): P00307018!; isoneotypi: P00169376!, The genus Comm. ex Juss. was originally planned to be described by the botanists Philibert and his partner Jeanne Baret based on specimens collected 1767. These were as a result prolific French expedition (1766–1769) led Louis-Antoine, Comte Bougainville circumnavigate globe acquire new territories for France (more detailed information Bougainville, Voyage Autour Du Monde. 1771; Cap [Gratacap], Commerson, Naturaliste Voyageur. 1861; Oliver, Life Commerson. 1909; Lignereux Bull. Centre D'Étude Hist. Méd. 47: 7–51. 2004). However, not able describe plants they during this due misfortune discovery J. Baret's identity. illegally traveling disguised man Commerson's valet (see Ridley, Discovery Baret. 2010; Clode, Woman Who Sailed World. 2020), death 1773 caused already weakened health. Among them, peculiar plant from Brazilian forests later genus, honoring Bougainville. Jussieu (Gen. Pl.: 91. 1789) crediting it P. “Buginvillæa Commers.” Since valid publication (l.c.), generic name has had many orthographic variations. Spach (Hist. Vég. 10: 767. 1841) one who first adopted spelling Bougainvillea, which conserved (Sprague, Nom. Prop. Brit. Bot.: 54, 72. 1929; Rickett Stafleu Taxon 8: 268. 1959). Because intention Jussieu's (l.c.) work, no species associated with and, provided final sentence Art. 10.2 Code (Turland al. Regnum Veg. 159. 2018), Willd. (Sp. 1799) (‘Buginvillaea’), been selected type l.c.: 54; Stafleu, l.c.). is native eastern Brazil widely cultivated throughout world ornamental effect its beautiful colorful floral bracts. As pointed out (in 121. 2012), Willdenow made direct mention studied herbarium or protologue. Generally, included after description abbreviations “v.s.” (vidi siccam) dried “v.v.” vivam) living plants, but neither these account B. that refers only illustration Lamarck (Tab. [figure part plate]. 1792). This illustration, therefore, should considered holotype because original material (Art. 9.1 ICN). (l.c.: 117–126) an extensive review origin, cultivation, nomenclature wisely chose P00169376) epitype name. pertinent choice fixes application unknown used preparation Lamarck's illustration. Furthermore, also prevents possible confusion glabra Choisy, morphologically very similar differing mainly indumentum. Although appeared tome 1, vol. 2, 1 Tableau encyclopédique, published July 1792, corresponding text describing page 433 5, 2 31 Oct. 1819 (Stafleu 20: 440. 1971), long Willdenow's brasiliensis, universally treated synonym spectabilis, generally relevant literature (e.g., Steudel, Nomencl. 125. 1821, ed. 235. 1840; Jackson, Index Kew. 327. 1893; IPNI, https://www.ipni.org/n/604342-1, accessed 3 May 2021) Raeuschel (Nomencl. Bot., 3: 112. 1797), but, noted 121), author merely listed without any reference validating description. 124) validly Wied (Reise Brasil. 44. 1820). earlier Gmelin (Syst. 1791), something seems have totally overlooked. names previously some them he did publishing J.F. Gmel., citing under entry “brasiliensis I. BUGINVILLEA. gen. plant. p. 91.” description, although validated (cf. 38.11), can if nor indicate more than belongs 38.12). Gmel. thus oldest known consequently, correct (Principle III entirely cited him. Therefore, we designate, above, collection (barcode P00307018) neotype 9.8 ICN), which, unlike chosen A.L. Jussieu. widespread use since 18th century well-known species, languages bougainvillea, worldwide. main taxonomic treatments Nyctaginaceae Choisy Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 437. 1849; Schmidt Martius, Fl. Bras. 14(2): 350–351. 1872; Heimerl Bot. Jahrb. 21: 623. 1896, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 108–110. 1901; Reitz, Ilustr. Catarin. NICT: 13. 1970), most important floristic studies checklists South America, Neotropics Barbosa al., Checkl. Nordeste 2006; Stehmann Florest. Atlântica. 2009; Forzza Cat. Fung. Brasil 2. Flora Group Rodriguésia 66: 1085–1113. 2015, l.c. 69: 1513–1527. 2018; Ulloa Science 358: 1614–1617. 2017), horticultural catalogues, including specializing cultivation Choudhary Singh, Int. 1981; Iredell, Growers Handb. 1990, Growing Bougainvilleas. 1995). certainly every botanist, enthusiast horticulturist outstanding beauty being easy cultivate. antibacterial Umamaheswari Advances Biol. Res. 1–5. 2008), antidiabetic Narayanan Curr. Sci. 139–141. 1987; Chauhan Evidence-Based Integr. Med. 177–185. 2015), anti-inflammatory Joshi Indian Pharm. 46: 187–188. 1984; Mandal Pharmacogn. 7: 18–22. antiviral Andrea Planta 203: 422–429. 1997) properties, all using spectabilis. We believe appropriate abandon extremely expense such scarcely brasiliensis. Thus, maintain nomenclatural stability historical propose conservation against J.F.Gmel. ECOC, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-5691 JLC-L, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-5322